Hi, I'm Arslan Rafiq, and today, I want to share my unforgettable experience of visiting Rohtas Fort, a monumental testament to history and architecture. Nestled near the city of Dina in the Jhelum district of Punjab, Pakistan, Rohtas Fort stands as a remarkable relic of the 16th century. Built under the supervision of Raja Todar Mal, a minister of the Sur king Sher Shah Suri, the fort is one of the largest and most formidable in Punjab, offering a fascinating glimpse into the past.
The Majestic Rohtas Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site
Rohtas Fort was declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1997, recognized as an "exceptional example of the
Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia." The fort's
strategic location, approximately 16 kilometers northwest of Jhelum, near the
city of Dina, and its commanding position 300 feet above its surroundings, make
it a sight to behold. Spanning an area of 170 acres, the fort's walls stretch
for 4 kilometers, enclosing a treasure trove of historical significance.
A Walk Through History
As I wandered through the fort, I
couldn't help but marvel at the intricate details and sheer scale of this
architectural marvel. The fort, situated on a hill in the Tilla Jogian Range,
overlooks a gorge where the Kahān River meets the seasonal Parnal Khas stream.
This vantage point offers breathtaking views and a sense of the strategic
importance of the fort.
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The Foundation and Construction
Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the
Sur Empire, commissioned Rohtas Fort on the advice of his generals. The idea
was to adopt a scorched earth strategy to defeat the warring Gakhar tribe, who
provided fierce resistance near the Salt Range region in Punjab. The fort was
intended to prevent Humayun from returning to India from his exile in Persia. Despite initial resistance from the local Gakhar population,
the construction eventually continued, thanks to increased wages that attracted
laborers.
Mughal Influence and Subsequent History
Sher Shah Suri did not live to see
the completion of Rohtas Fort, as he died in 1545. With his death, the fort was
ceded to Humayun in 1555, losing much of its defensive significance. Although
it was never a favorite among the Mughals due to its plain military style and
lack of gardens, it played a role in the region's history. Emperor Akbar stayed
at Rohtas Fort for a single night, and Emperor Jahangir convened his court
there for a short time after his victorious return from exile.
The fort continued to be used during
the Mughal era until 1707, and later, it saw use by the Afghan Durrani
chieftain Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasions of Punjab. In the 19th
century, the Sikh Empire used Rohtas Fort for administrative purposes until the
British took over the region in 1849.
Architectural Marvels
Rohtas Fort's design prioritizes
function over form, drawing from Turkish, Middle Eastern, and South Asian
artistic traditions. The fort's walls, built of sandstone laid in lime mortar
mixed with brick, vary in height between 33 and 59 feet and in thickness
between 33 and 43 feet. The fort boasts 68 bastion towers and 12 monumental
gates, each with its unique story.
Exploring
the Gates
Among the many gates, the Sohail
Gate stands out with its intricate masonry work, serving as the ceremonial main
entrance. The Shah Chandwali Gate, named after a saint who refused wages for
working on it, connects the citadel to the main fort. The Kabuli Gate, opening
towards Kabul, now houses a visitors' information center and a museum. The
Shishi Gate, adorned with glazed tiles, and the Talaqi Gate, known for its
legend of a prince's death, are also notable features.
The Royal Mosque and Other Structures
The small Shahi Masjid near the
Kabuli Gate is the most decorated of the fort's original buildings, with its
three domed sections and carved stone motifs. The Raja Man Singh Haveli, the
only palace within the fort, offers a glimpse into the royal quarters. The fort
also features three baolis or stepwells, used for water supply by soldiers and
the royal family.
My Personal Experience
Walking through Rohtas Fort was like
stepping back in time. Each gate, wall, and structure told a story of
resilience, strategy, and architectural brilliance. The fort's preservation and
the efforts to maintain its historical significance are commendable. As I stood
atop the walls, overlooking the stunning landscapes and the fort's vast
expanse, I felt a deep connection to the history and heritage of this
remarkable site.
Conclusion
Rohtas Fort is more than just a
historical site; it is a living testament to the rich cultural and
architectural heritage of Pakistan. My visit to this fort was an enriching
experience, offering insights into the past and a profound appreciation for the
efforts that went into its construction and preservation. I encourage everyone
to visit Rohtas Fort and witness the grandeur and history it holds within its
walls.
#RohtasFort #History #Heritage
#Pakistan #TravelDiaries #ArslanRafiq
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